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Sidastrum micranthum

(A.St.-Hil.) Fryxell (1978)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Sidastrum

sand mallow

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Herbs or shrubs 1-3 m tall, densely yellowish stellate pubescent.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades ovate to broadly ovate, 5-15 cm long, becoming progressively smaller and narrower in the inflorescence. Apex acute. Base shallowly cordate. Surfaces densely stellate-tomentose. Margins serrate to crenate. Petioles shorter than blades. Stipules present.

Flowers: Flowers in narrow panicles, axillary racemes, or glomerules; involucel absent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx (3–)5-toothed or (3–)5-lobed, 1.8-2.5 mm long, cup-shaped, obscurely veined, composed of connate sepals, sometimes irregularly cleft or turncate, the lobes valvate in bud. Corolla actinomorphic to moderately zygomorphic, pale yellow to orange, rotate, often subequal to calyx, petals 5, 2-3 mm long, obovate, distinct from each other but adnate at base to staminal column, convolute in bud. Stamens 5 to numerous, monadelphous, forming a staminal column, staminal column ca. 3 mm long; filaments terminal on staminal column; anthers 6-12. Pollen globose, echinate. Ovary superior, (1-)3-celled to many-celled, carpels 5-10, borne in a single whorl or rarely seemingly superposed whorls, placentation axile; ovules 1 per carpel, pendulous; style exceeding the staminal column, branches as many as carpels; stigmas capitate.

Fruit: Schizocarp; mericarps 5; trigonous; pale brown; 1.6-2 mm long; striate-reticulate laterally; without apical beaks; stellate pubescent dorso-apically; indehiscent; not strongly differentiated into upper and lower portions. Seeds reddish brown; ca. 1.3 mm long; ovoid-trigonous; glabrous; with or without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 32

Habitat: Naturalized in pastures.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Ashley wilson
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • Sidastrum micranthum are herbs or shrubs that are 1-3 m tall. Additionally, Sidastrum micranthum was first observed at Ka'awaloa about 1900 and collected in 1948.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Brittonia 30: 452 (1978)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:901 (O, H); Starr et al. 2003:28 (EM); Lorence & Flynn 2006:3 (K); Oppenheimer 2007:27 (Mo); Oppenheimer 2008:30 (L)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Sidastrum micranthum Pastureland at the mouth of Makaleha Preserved_Specimen Common weed; shrubs to c 2 m. height. Takeuchi, W.N. 3507 Oahu BISH 1986-01-01
2 Sidastrum micranthum Puu o Hoku Ranch, Molokai Preserved_Specimen Foliage:annoying hairs Starr, F. 5051710 Molokai BISH 2005-05-17
3 Sidastrum micranthum A.L.Greenwell Ranch, dry pasture Preserved_Specimen Flowers are yellow; fr. with 2 short awns on each part. Greenwell, A.B.H. 19369 Hawaii BISH 1948-10-05
4 Sidastrum micranthum along Kuamoo Road along edge of old fields. Preserved_Specimen Erect plants often numerous. 1-2 meters tall. Densely stellate pubescent, mericaprs 5, flowers with pale yellow petals 2-3 mm long in dense axillary clusters. Hobdy, R.W. 4293 Lanai BISH 2008-05-31
5 Sidastrum micranthum Oahu Preserved_Specimen Weedy, upright (to 4 ft. tall) plant; small flowers pale pink. Char, W.P. Oahu BISH 1987-10-27
6 Sidastrum micranthum Along rd to Kanepuu Preserved_Specimen 2m tall, sparingly to unbranched shrubs. Oppenheimer, H.L. 100628 Lanai BISH 2006-10-19
7 Sidastrum micranthum Pastureland at the mouth of Makaleha Preserved_Specimen Common weed; shrubs to c 2 m. height. Takeuchi, W.N. 3507 Oahu BISH 1986-01-01
8 Sidastrum micranthum Waialua District: land of Mokuleia, at mouth of Makaleha Valley Preserved_Specimen sparingly branched, erect shrub with yellow flowers. Herbst, D.R. 5647 Oahu BISH 1976-02-15
9 Sidastrum micranthum Waialua District, land of Mokuleia, at mouth of Makaleha Valley Preserved_Specimen sparingly branched, erect shrub with yellow flowers. Herbst, D.R. 5647 Oahu BISH 1976-02-15
10 Sidastrum micranthum Makaleha pastureland, along road to Kaala, collected near 2977 Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2978 Oahu BISH 1986-10-31
11 Sidastrum micranthum Waimea District. In agricultural fields northwest of Kekaha. Dominant weed in disturbed soil along access road to irrigation ditch. Preserved_Specimen Erect shrub, 1.5 m tall; leaves dull gray-green, anthers and stigmas bright yellow; fruits light brown. Brock, K. 998 Kauai BISH 2017-05-24
12 Sidastrum micranthum Keomuku. Naturalized, in sandy substrate along roadside, at sunny edges of Prosopis forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs to 1.5 m tall. Oppenheimer, H.L. 30917 Lanai BISH 2009-03-18
13 Sidastrum micranthum East Maui, Hana District, Kaupo Widespread along rd & in pastures. Assoc. vegetation: Tamarind. Preserved_Specimen Erect shrub 1-1.5m ht; lvs pubescent; flowers yellow; fruit mericarp 5-parted, seeds brown. Starr, F. 11201 Maui BISH 2000-11-20
14 Sidastrum micranthum Old Koloa Sugar mill, Outside sugar mill near ATV rental store, 800 m E of Mahaulepu Rd. Dry, sunny, weedy area Preserved_Specimen Common, one of the dominant roadside weeds in areas Faccenda, K. 2485 Kauai BISH 2022-06-04
15 Sidastrum micranthum East Maui, Kaupo, roadside Disturbed, dry lowland with lava substrate. Associated vegetation: Leucaena leucocephala, Megathyrsus maximus, Digitaria insularis Preserved_Specimen Herb Starr, F. 23031503 Maui BISH 2023-03-15
16 Sidastrum micranthum East Maui, Kaupo Ranch road up to Haleakala National Park Disturbed pasture Preserved_Specimen 4 sheets, inflorescences Welton, P. 2380 Maui BISH 2016-11-03
17 Sidastrum micranthum WSW of Puu Mahana Uncommon in remnant dry forest. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 10704 Lanai BISH 2007-01-03
18 Sidastrum micranthum Waialua District, Waianae Mts. Waialua town Rare, in weedy pasture in gulch behine Waialua town. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1.3 m. height. Nagata, K.M. 3263 Oahu BISH 1985-06-19
19 Sidastrum micranthum Kaaawa Valley Pasture weed. Preserved_Specimen Whistler, W.A. Oahu BISH 2003-03-01
20 Sidastrum micranthum Along road to summit of Mt. Kaala between two locked gates Very abundant in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Plants to 1.5 m. tall; corolla whitish. Char, W.P. 35 Oahu BISH 1985-09-20
21 Sidastrum micranthum Lihue, Mahaulepu, pasture behind Haula, Aweonweonui wet depression; Digitaria, Sidastrum, Malva, Acacia, Parthenium, Desmanthus Preserved_Specimen to 8' herb, woody base; leaves ~rugose, dull medium green, below paler gray-green, raised yellow white veins; petals 5, pale white; filaments yellow Flynn, T.W. 7108 Kauai BISH 2002-10-08
22 Sidastrum micranthum Makaleha Valley In pasture. Preserved_Specimen Weedy shrub. Bishop, B. 1217 Oahu BISH 1972-03-19
23 Sidastrum micranthum Kaawaloa, A.L. Greenwell Ranch Dry Pasture. First noticed about 1900, disappeared, and recently rediscovered. Preserved_Specimen Greenwell, A.B.H. 19369 Hawaii BISH 1948-10-05
24 Sidastrum micranthum Pohakupili Locally common in pastures. Preserved_Specimen To 2m tall. Oppenheimer, H.L. 120619 Molokai BISH 2006-12-08
25 Sidastrum micranthum Ukoa Pond. Disturbed area. Preserved_Specimen Woody weed, 1-2 m tall. Common. Funk, E.J. Oahu BISH 1995-02-25
26 Sidastrum micranthum Waianae Mts., Makaleha Valley In disturbed pasture at mouth of valley assoc. with Schinus, Caesalpinia, Psidium and usual pasture grasses and weeds. Preserved_Specimen Erect, slender, sparingly branched shrub with yellow flowers. Herbst, D.R. 5248 Oahu BISH 1975-03-09
27 Sidastrum micranthum Kapapa One patch in ironwood clearing Preserved_Specimen Rare Starr, F. 5041823 Oahu BISH 2005-04-18
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